Mycoplasma suis

(Splitter, 1950; Neimark et al., 2002)

Etymology

Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. n. sus – a swine, L. gen. n. suis – of a swine

Taxonomy

Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma suis (Hemoplasma cluster, Eperythrozoon subcluster), related to Mycoplasma parvum (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 95.49%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

not available, not cultivated in/on cell free media (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence of isolate Illinois)

Genomes

2 completed (Illinois – USA; KI3806 – Switzerland) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

not cultured on a cell free medium

Metabolism

fermentation of glucose, assimilation of glycerol; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing

Host

swine

Habitat

blood

Disease(s)

hemolytic anemia (historically porcine eperythrozoonosis) in acute infections (most important hemotrophic mycoplasma species in pigs), often latent infections

Pathogenicity

factors largely unknown, mechanisms may include adhesion, invasion, nutrient scavenging, immune-mediated lysis, eryptosis, and endothelial targeting

Epidemiology

worldwide occurrence in domestic pigs; transmission via blood-feeding arthropod vectors and iatrogenic, vertical transmission has been described

Diagnosis

PCR

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma suis isolate Illinois within the Hemoplasma cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae J^T was used as out-group (Hyopneumoniae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Mycoplasma suis isolate Illinois

CTGGTGGTATGCATAACACATGCAAGTCGAACGAAAAAGGCCCTCGGGTCTTTTTAGTGGCAAACGGGCGAGTAACGCATACTTAACTTACTTATCTGAGGAAAATAGCAGCTCGAAAGAGCTATTAATAATCCATAGGTTTAGGCTAGAGGAACTAGCTTAAATTAAAGGAGGCTGCCGCAAGGTGGCCTTGCGGGTAAATAGGAGTATGTCCTATTAGATAGTTGGAGAGGTAAAGGCTCACCAAGTCGATGATGGGTAGCTGGACTGAGAGGTTGAACAGCCGCAATGGGATTGAGATATGGCCCATATTCCTACGGGAAGCAGCAGTGAGGAATTTTTCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCAATACCACGTGAACGATGAAGGTCTTCTGATTGTAAAGTTCTTTTATTTAGGAAAAAAAGCGCGACAGGAAATGGTCGCGCCCTGATTGTACTAATTGAATAAGTGACAGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCTGCGGTAAAACATAGGTCACGAGCATTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGGAAGCGTAGGCTGAAGTGTGTATCCATTGTTAAAAGTACTTGCTTAACAAGTGTTCGCGGTGGAGATTACACTTCTAGAATTAGTTAGAGGGCACTGGAATTCAATGTGTAGTGGTGGAATACGTAGATATATTGAGGAACACCAGAGGCTAAGGCGAGTGCCTGGGACATAATTGACGCTGAGGCTTGAAAGCGTGGGTAGCAAATGGGATTAGATACCCCAGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGGGTATTAGTCATTTGAATTTAAGTTGAGTGATGTAGCTAACGCGTTAAATACCCCGCCTGGGTAGTATATATGCAAATATGAAACTCAAAGAAATTGACGGGGACCTGAACAAGTGGTGGAGCATGTTGCTTAATTCGATCATACACGCAAAACCTTACCAAGGCTTGCAATCTTCTGCAAAGCTATAGAAATATAGTGGAGGCTATCAGAATGACAGGTGGTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCTTGAGATGTTTGGTTAAGTCCCGTAACGAGCGCAACCCTTCATATTAGTTGTTTAGTTCTAATATGACTGAATCGTAAGATCTAGGAAGGATGGGGCCAAGTCAAGTCATCATGCCCCTTATGCCTTGGGCTGCAAACGTGCTACAATGGTAGATACAATGTGTTACAATCTAGCGATAGTGAGTTAATCACCTAAAGTCTATCTCAGTCCGGATAAAAGGCTGCAATTCGCCTATTTGAAGATGGAATCACTAGTAATCCTGTGTCAGCTATATCAGGGTGAATACGTTCCCAGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAACTACGAAAGAAAGTACTAATTAAAACCGTATTTAATTACGTCTAGATTGGTAATTTTGATTGGAGTTAAGTCGTAACAAGGT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma suis isolate Illinois(Accession number: CP002525)

Species assigned by: Splitter, E.J. 1950. Eperythrozoon suis, n. sp. and Eperythrozoon parvum n. sp. two new blood parasites of swine. Science (Washington) 111: 513-514; Neimark, H., Johansson, K.E., Rikihisa, Y., Tully, J.G. 2002. Revision of haemotrophic Mycoplasma species names. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52: 683.