Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium
(Volokhov et al., 2022)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; N.L. fem. n. Mirounga – generic name of the northern elephant seal; L. neut. pl. n. genitalia – the genitals, N.L. pl. gen. n. miroungigenitalium – of northern elephant seal genitalia
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium (Bovis cluster), related to Mycoplasma phocirhinis (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 96.37%) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
ES2806-GENT (northern elephant seal - Mirounga angustirostris, USA, 2009), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
one completed (ES2806-GENT – USA); 2 draft genomes (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
oxidation of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate); non-fermentative, non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)
Habitat
genital tract
Disease(s)
no diseases reported
Pathogenicity
pathogenicity factors unknown
Epidemiology
isolated from 3 male northern elephant seals at the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California, USA
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, PCR; rpoB gene sequencing
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium ES2806-GENT within the Bovis cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
GGATTAACGCTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGAAGTACTTCTGTACTTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTACTCAACGTACCCTTCAGATTGGGATAGCGGTTGGAAACAACCGATAATACCAAATACTTGTAATTATCGCATGATGATTACATAAAAGGCGCGTTTGCGCCACTGGAGGAGCGGGGTGCGTAACATTAGCTTGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCCCACCAAGGCGATGATGTTTAGCGGGGTTGAGAGACTGAACCGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATATTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCAGGATGAAGGCCCCATGGGTTGTAAACTGCTGTGGTAAGGGAATAAAAAATAGCATAGGAAATGATGCTACATTGAATGTACCTTATTAGAAAGCAACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTTGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTCTGTAGGTTGTTTATTAAGTCTGGCGTTAAATTTTGGGGCTCAACCCCAAACCGCGTTGGATACTGGTAAACTAGAGTTATGTAGAGGTTAGCGGAATTCCTTGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATAAGGAAGAACACCAACATGGCGAAGGCAGCTAACTGGACATACACTGACACTGAGAGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCCTAAACGATGATCATTAGCTGATGGGGAACTCATCGGCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTACGTTCGCAAGAATAAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACGCGTAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCTTCCGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTKGAGGTTAACGGAATGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATCCTTAGTTACTAACATTTAGTTGAGCACTCTAAGGAGACTGCCCGAGTAATCGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGCCGATACAAAGTGAAGCAACCCAGCGATGGTGAGCAAACCACAAAAAATCGGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAACTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGATCAGCTACGCTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATGCCCGAAGTCGGTTTATTAACAAACTGCCTAAGGCAGGACTGGTGACTGGGGTTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTATCCCTACGAGAACGTGGGGATGGATCACCTCCTTT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium ES2806-GENT (Accession number: GU905023)
Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium ES2806-GENT on modified Hayflick’s agar after 6 days of incubation exhibiting characteristic fried egg morphology and producing 'film and spots' (arrows). Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
Species assigned by: Volokhov, D.V., Furtak, V.A., Blom, J., Zagorodnyaya, T.A., Gao, Y., Gulland, F.M. 2022. Mycoplasma miroungirhinis sp. nov. and Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium sp. nov., isolated from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), Mycoplasma phocoenae sp. nov., isolated from harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and Mycoplasma phocoeninasale sp. nov., isolated from harbour porpoise and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 72: 005224.