Mycoplasma cloacale
(Bradbury & Forrest, 1984)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. neut. adj. cloacale – of a cloaca
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma cloacale (Hominis cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma anseris (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 98.34%) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
383T (turkey, UK, 1975), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
2 completed (2 x 383T – UK); one draft genome (again type strain) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
hydrolysis of arginine; non-fermentative, non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
turkey, duck, goose
Habitat
cloaca
Disease(s)
egg infertility
Pathogenicity
factors unknown
Epidemiology
worldwide occurrence in turkeys and waterfowls; transmission probably by the genital route
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma cloacale 383T within the Hominis cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGGAGTCTTCGGACTTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTGCTTAATCTACCTCTTAGATTGGGATACCTAATGGAAACATTGGTTAATACCGGATACGCATGGAATCGCATGATTCCGTTGTGAAAGAAGCCTTTAAAGCTTCACTAAGAGATGAGGGTGCGGAACATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCTGTGATGTTTAGCCGGGTCGAGAGACTGAACGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATATTCCACAATGAGCGAAAGCTTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCACGATGACGGTCTTCGGATTGTAAAGTGCTGTTATAAGGAAAGAACACTTCAATGAGGAAATGCTTTGAAGCTGACGGTACCTTATCAGAAAGCGATGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTCGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTTCGTAGGCTGTTTATTAAGTCTGAAGTCAAATCCTAGGGCTCAACCCTGGCTCGCTTTGGATACTGGTAAACTAGAGTTAGATAGAGGTAAGCGGAATTCCATGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAAAGGCGAAGGCAGCTTACTGGGTCTATACTGACGCTGAGGGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGATCATTAGTCGGTGGAAAATCGCTGACGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACACGGAAAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCCTTCGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTGGAGGTTAACGGAGTGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTTGGTCAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTGTCTTTAGTTACTAACAAGTAATGTTGAGGACTCTAGAGATACTGCCTGGGTAACTGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCCACACACGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAAAGAGAAGCAATATGGCGACATGGAGCAAATCTCAAAAAGCCGATCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAATTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAGCTATGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATACCCAAAGTCGGTTTGCTAACCTCGGAGGCGACTGCCTAAGGTAGGACTGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma cloacale 383T (Accession number: NR_024985)
Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma cloacale 383T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 4 days of incubation exhibiting fried egg morphology. Note, colour change of solid medium from ochre to reddish based on release of ammonia resulting from hydrolysis of arginine creating an alkaline pH. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)