Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capricolum
(Tully et al., 1974; Leach et al., 1993)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. n. caper – the male goat, N.L. suff. -colum – dwelling, N.L. neut. adj. capricolum – dwelling in a male goat
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capricolum (Mycoides cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae, Mycoplasma mycoides, and Mycoplasma leachii (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities – 99.59, 99.59 and 99.79%, respectively) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
California kidT (goat, USA, 1955), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
2 completed (California kidT – USA; HN-B – China); 4 draft genomes (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
fermentation of glucose and hydrolysis of arginine; assimilation of glycerol; non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
goats
Habitat
respiratory tract, udder
Disease(s)
further cause of Contagious Agalactia (CA) with mastitis and complete loss of milk production; severe arthritis with subcutaneous edema, pneumonia; septicemia with sudden death in kids
Pathogenicity
factors unknown, but may possess pathogenicity factors that have been identified in other members of the Mycoides cluster
Epidemiology
mainly in North Africa, but also isolated in Spain, Portugal, Greece, France, and Germany; transmission mainly by milk or via aerosol; introduced into herds by latently infected carrier animals
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically, PCR, detection of antibodies using immunoassays for herd testing
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capricolum California kidT within the Mycoides cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
CTGGCGGCATGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGGGGGTGCTTGCACCTCAGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATCTAACCTACCTTATAGCGGGGGATAACTTTTGGAAACGAAAGATAATACCGCATGTAGATCTTATTATCGCATGAGAAAAGATCAAAAGAACCGTTTGGTTCACTATGAGATGGGGATGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTAGGTGAGATAATAGCCCACCTAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTTCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGAAGCAATGCCGCGTGAGTGATGACGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAAGCTCTGTTGTAAGGGAAGAAAAAATAGAGTAGGAAATGACTTTATCTTGACAGTACCTTACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTATAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGTTTTGCAAGTTTGAGGTTAAAGTCCGGAGCTCAACTCCGGTTCGCCTTGAAGACTGTTTTACTAGAATGCAAGAGAGGTAAGCGGAATTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCTGTGGCGAAAGCGGCTTACTGGCTTGTTATTGACGCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAATAGGATTAGATACCCTAGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTACTAAGTGTTGGGGTAACTCAGCGCTGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGTACTCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGTGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACACGAAGAACCTTACCAGGGCTTGACATCCAGTGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTAGAGGTTAACATTGAGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGTTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAACGCAACCCTTGTCGTTAGTTACTAACATTAAGTTGAGAACTCTAACGAGACTGCTAGTGTAAGCTAGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGCTGGTACAAAGAGTTGCAATCCTGTGAAGGGGAGCTAATCTCAAAAAACCAGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGAAGTCTGCAACTCGACTTCATGAAGCCGGAATCACTAGTAATCGCGAATCAGCTATGTCGCGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGAGTTGGTAATACCAGAAGTAGGTAGCTTAACCATTTGGAGAGCGCTTCCCAAGGTAGGACTAGCGATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capricolum California kidT (Accession number: NR_036952)
Fig. 3. Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capricolum California kidT on modified Hayflick’s agar after 3 days of incubation exhibiting large colonies with characteristic fried egg morphology. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)