Mycoplasma californicum

(Jasper et al., 1981)

Etymology

Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; N.L. neut. adj. californicum – of California

Taxonomy

Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma californicum (Bovis cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 97.49%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

ST-6^T (cow, USA, 1972), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)

Genomes

8 completed (2 x ST-6^T – USA; 6 x HAZ106_1 (original and antibiotic resistant clones – Japan) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)

Metabolism

oxidation of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate); non-fermentative, non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing

Host

cattle

Habitat

udder

Disease(s)

mastitis, rarely associated with pneumonia and arthritis

Pathogenicity

factors unknown

Epidemiology

probably occurring worldwide, but rarely reported; transmission primarily by milk

Diagnosis

cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma californicum ST-6^T within the Bovis cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853^T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Mycoplasma californicum ST-6^T

CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGAAGTACTTGTACTTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTACTCAACGTACCCTTCAGATTGGCATAGCGGTTGGAAACAACCGATAATTCCAAATACTCGTTTTTATCGCATGATAATTACGTAAAAGACGCCTTTAAAGCGTCGCTGGAGGAGCGGGGTGCGCAACATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCCCACCAAGGCAATGATGTTTAGCGGGGTTGAGAGACTGAACCGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATATTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCAGGATGAAGGCCTATGGGTTGTAAACTGCTGTGGTAAGGGAATAAAAAACAGTGTAGGAAATGCCACTGTATTGAATGTACCTTATTAGAAAGCAACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTTGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTCTGTAGGTTGTTTGTTAAGTCTGGCGTTAAATTTTGGGGCTCAACCCCAAACCGCGTTGGATACTGGCAAACTAGAGTTATGTAGAGGTTAGCGGAATTCCTTGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATAAGGAAGAACACCAACATGGCGAAGGCAGCTAACTGGACATATACTGACACTGAGAGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCCTAAACGTTGATCATTAGCTGATGGGGAACTCATCGGCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTACGTTCGCAAGAATAAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGCACCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGATGATACGCGTAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCTTCTGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTGGAGGTTAACAGAATGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTGTCCTTAGTTACTAACATTTAGTTGAGCACTCTAAGGAGACTGCCTGAGTAATCGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGCCAGTACAAAGTGAAGCAACCTGGTGACAGTGAGCAAACCACAAAAAACTGGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAACTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGATCAGCTACGCTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCGAACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATGCCCGAAGTCGGTTTATTAACAAACTGCCTAAGGCAGGACTGGTGACTGGGGTTAAGTCGTAACAAGGT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma californicum ST-6^T(Accession number: NR_029166)

Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma californicum ST-6^T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 5 days of incubation exhibiting characteristic fried egg morphology. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

Species assigned by: Jasper, D.E., Ernø, H., Dellinger, J.D., Christiansen, C. 1981. Mycoplasma californicum, a new species from cows. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 31: 339-345.