Acholeplasma axanthum

(Tully & Razin, 1970)

Etymology

Gr. pref. a – not, without, Gr. n. chole – bile, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Acholeplasma – a form for which cholesterol (a constituent of bile) is not required for growth; Gr. pref. a – not, without, Gr. adj. xanthos – yellow, N.L. neut. adj. axanthum – without yellow (pigment)

Taxonomy

Acholeplasmatales – Acholeplasmataceae – Acholeplasma – Acholeplasma axanthum, related to Acholeplasma modicum (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 92.30%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

S-743^T (murine tissue culture, USA, ≤1966), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)

Genomes

one completed (S-743^T – USA); one draft genome (again the type strain) (NCBI Genome deposits per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)

Metabolism

fermentation of glucose; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing; non-sterol requiring; temperature optimum for growth is 33°C

Host

unknown

Habitat

unknown

Disease(s)

unknown, considered to be a commensal or contaminant

Pathogenicity

factors unknown

Epidemiology

unknown, once isolated from a cell culture and mucous membranes of healthy bovine

Diagnosis

cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS or genetically

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Acholeplasma axanthum S-743^T within genus Acholeplasma based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae J^T was used as out-group (Hyopneumoniae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Acholeplasma axanthum S-273^T

CTGGCGGCGTGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAGAGTGCTTGCACTCTAGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTAGGTAACCTACCCCAAAGATGAGGATAACAGTTGGAAACGATTGCTAATACTCAATAGTTAATAGGAAGGCATCTTCTTATTATTAAAGATCCGTATGGATTACTTTGGGAGGGACCTGCGTCGCATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAGTAGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATGCGTAGCCGGACTGAGAGGTTGAACGGCCACACTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTCGGCAATGGGGGAAACCCTGACCGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAATGAAGAAGCACTTAGGTGCGTAAAATTCTTTTATTAGGGAAGAATAGCTAGTATAGGAAATGATATTAGTGTGACGGTACCTAATGAATAAGCCCCGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGGGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGGGTGAGTAGGCGGCTACTTAAGTTTGAGGTATAAGCACAGTGCTTAACGCTGTGAGGCTTTGAAAACTGGGTAGCTAGAGTTAGATAGAGGCAAGTGGAATTCCATGTGTAGCGGTAAAATGCGTAAATATATGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTTGCTGGGTCTATACTGACGCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTACTAAGTGTCGGAAGAATTCGGTGCTGTAGTTAACGCAATAAGTACTCCGCCTGAGTAGTACGTACGCAAGTATGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGACCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGATCATGTTGTTTAATTCGAAGATACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCCCTGCAAAGCTATGGAGACATAGTGGAGGTTATCAGGGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCGGTAACGAGCGCAACCCTCGTTGTTAGTTGCCATCATTAAGTTGGGGACTCTAACAAGACTGCCAGTGATAAACTGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACAAACGTGATACAATGGCTGAAACAAAGGGAAGCGAAAGGGTGACCTGGAGCAAAACTCATAAAAACAGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGAAGTCTGCAACTCGACTTCATGAAGCTGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGAATCAGAACGTCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCGGGGTTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAACCACGAAAGTCAGCAATACCCAAAACCGGTGGCCTAACCTGCAAAGGAGGGAGCCGTCTAAGGTAGGGTTGATGATTGGGGTTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTATCCGGAAGGT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Acholeplasma axanthum S-273^T(Accession number: NR_028829)

Fig. 3. Colonies of Acholeplasma axanthum S-743^T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 4 days of incubation at 33°C exhibiting fried egg morphology. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

Species assigned by: Tully, J.G., Razin, S. 1970. Acholeplasma axanthum, sp. n.: a new sterol-nonrequiring member of the Mycoplasmatales. J. Bacteriol. 103: 751-754.