Mycoplasma marinum

(Ramírez et al., 2019)

Etymology

Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. neut. adj. marinum – belonging to the sea

Taxonomy

Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma marinum (not part of a cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma todarodis (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 98.62%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

PE^T (octopus – Octopus vulgaris, Spain, 2012), (Fig.2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)

Genomes

one draft genome (PE^T – Spain) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)

Metabolism

fermentation of glucose; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing; moderately halophilic (3% NaCl, w/v), temperature optimum for growth is 25°C (now growth at 30°C or above)

Host

octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

Habitat

gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus)

Disease(s)

no disease reported, considered to be a commensal

Pathogenicity

factors unknown

Epidemiology

unknown, once isolated from 2 octopus in Spain

Diagnosis

cultivation (at 25°C, 3% NaCl) and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS or genetically

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma marinum PE^T between the Bovis and Hyopneumoniae cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Mycoplasma marinum PE^T

AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTTGAACGAAGCTAAAAGTGCTTGCACTTTAAGACTTAGTAGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTACTTAACCTACCCCCAAGTTTGGGATAACGTTTGGAAACGAACGCTAATACCGAATACGTATTTGAATCGCATGATTTAAATATAAAAGGAGCTTCGGCTTCGCTAGGGGATGGGAGTGCGCTACATTAGTTAGTTGGTAGGGTAATGGCCTACCAAGACTATGATGTATAGCGGGGCCGAGAGGCTGATCCGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTCCACAATGAACGAAAGTTTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCAGGATGAAGGTCTTCGGATCGTAAACTGCTGTTATAAGGGAAGAAAAACTCTAGTAGGTAATGACTAGAACTTGACGGTACCTTATCAGAAAGCGACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTCGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGAGTTCGTAGGTGGTCTTGTCAGTCTGAAGTTAAAGCCCGGGGCTCAACCCCGGCCCGCTTTGGATACTGCAAGACTAGAGTATTAGAGAGGTTAGTGGAACTCCAAGTGAAGCGGTGGAATGCGTAGATATTTGGAAGAACACCAATGGCGAAGGCAACTAACTGGCTAATAACTGACACTGAGGAACGAAAGCGTGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCTGTAAACGATGATCACTAGACGGTAGAGGATTTACTGTCACAGCTAACGCATTAAGTGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACGCGGAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCTTCCGCAAAGCTATGGAGACATAGTGGAGGTTAACGGAATGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCGGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTGTCCTTAGTTACCAGCACGTAGTGGTGGGGACTCTAGGGAGACTGCCTGGGTAACCAGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGGAGATACAGAATGACGCAATATGGTGACATGGAGCAAATCACAAAAATCTCTCTCAGTTCGGATCGAAGTCTGCAACTCGACTTCGTGAAGTTGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGGTCAGCTATACTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCACGGGAGCTGGTAATGCCCGAAGCTGGTTTATTAACTTCGGAGATGACTGTCTAAGGCAGGACCGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTATCCCTACGAGAACGTGGGGATGGATCACCTCCTTT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma marinum PE^T(Accession number: LT716014)

Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma marinum PE^T on modified SP-4 agar supplemented with 3% NaCl after 10 days of incubation at 25°C exhibiting fried egg morphology. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

Species assigned by: Ramírez, A.S., Vega-Orellana, O.M., Viver, T., Poveda, J.B., Rosales, R.S., Poveda, C.G., Spergser, J., Szostak, M.P., Caballero, M.J., Ressel, L., Bradbury, J.M., Tavío, M., Karthikeyan, S., Amann, R., Konstantinidis, K.T., Rossello-Mora, R. 2019. First description of two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant Mycoplasma species isolated from cephalopods and proposal of Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 42: 457-467.