Mycoplasma hyosynoviae

(Ross & Karmon, 1970)

Etymology

Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; Gr. n. hus – a swine, N.L. n. synovia – fluid in the joint (synovia), N.L. gen. n. hyosynoviae – of the synovia of a swine

Taxonomy

Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (Hominis cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma faucium (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 97.30%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

S-16^T (swine, USA, ≤1970) (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)

Genomes

4 completed (M60 – USA; B1, B4, B7 – Germany); 69 draft genomes (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)

Metabolism

arginine hydrolysis; non-fermentative, non-urea-hydrolyzing

Host

domestic pigs and wild boars

Habitat

oropharynx, tonsils

Disease(s)

arthritis in growing pigs

Pathogenicity

factors largely unknow, proposed factors that may contribute to cytadherence include OppA and a protein homologous to an adhesin of Mycoplasma arthritidis

Epidemiology

worldwide occurrence in pig herds; direct transmission between sow and piglets and between pen-mates

Diagnosis

cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae S-16^T within the Hominis cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853^T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Mycoplasma hyosynoviae S-16^T

CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGGGAGTAGCAATACTCTAGCGGCAAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTGCTTAATCTACCTTTTAGATTGGAATACCCAATGGAAACATTGGTTAATGCCGGATAAGTATGAAATCGCATGATTTCGTTATGAAAGAAGCGTTTGCTTCACTAAGAGATGAGGGTGCGGAACATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCCCACCAAGGCTATGATGTTTAGCCGGGTCGAGAGACTGAACGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATATTCCACAATGAGCGAAAGCTTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCACGATGAAGGCCCTCGGGTTGTAAAGTGCTGTTGCAAGGGAAGAGAAAGCAGTTGAGGAAATGCAACTGAACTGACGGTACCTTGTTAGAAAGCGATGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTCGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTTCGTAGGCTGTTTATTAAGTCTGGAGTCAAATCCCAGGGCTCAACCCTGGCTCGCTTTGGATACTGGTAAACTAGAGTTGGATAGAGGTAAGCGGAATTCCATGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAAAGGCGAAGGCAGCTTACTGGGTCTATACTGACGCTGAGGGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGATCATTAGTCGGTGGCCAATCACTGACGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTAAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAGGATACGCGGAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCCTTCGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTGGAGGTTAACGGAGTGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTTGGTCAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATCTTTAGTTACTAACGAGTCATGTCGAGGACTCTAGAGATACTGCCTGGGTAACTGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAAAGAGAAGCAATATGGCGACATGGAGCAAATCTCAAAAAGCCGATCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAATTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGATCAGCTTCGCTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATACCCAAAGTCGGTTTGCTAACCTCGGAGGCAACTGCCTAAGGTAGGACTGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae S-16^T(Accession number: NR_029183)

Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae S-16^T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 4 days of incubation exhibiting characteristic fried egg morphology. Note, colour change of solid medium from ochre to reddish based on release of ammonia resulting from hydrolysis of arginine creating an alkaline pH. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

Species assigned by: Ross, R.F., Karmon, J.A. 1970. Heterogeneity among strains of Mycoplasma granularum and identification of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, sp. n. J. Bacteriol. 103: 707-713.