Mycoplasma enhydrae

(Volokhov et al., 2019)

Etymology

Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; N.L. n. Enhydra – a genus name of otters, N.L. gen. n. enhydrae – of Enhydra

Taxonomy

Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma enhydrae (Hominis cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma phocicerebrale (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 98.83%) (Fig. 1)

Type strain

6243-11^T (southern sea otter – Enhydra lutris nereis, USA, 2011), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)

Genomes

3 draft genomes (6243-11^T, 3839-13, 6207-11 – USA) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)

Cell morphology

spherical – coccoid

Colony morphology

fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)

Metabolism

hydrolysis of arginine; non-fermentative, non-urea-hydrolyzing

Host

southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)

Habitat

oropharynx

Disease(s)

unknown

Pathogenicity

unknown

Epidemiology

unknown, once isolated from 5 southern sea otters from California, USA

Diagnosis

cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma enhydrae 6243-11^T within the Hominis cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853^T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

>Mycoplasma enhydrae 6243-11^T

CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGAGGTTTCTTTTGAAATCTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTGCTTAATCTACCCTTTAGATTGGAATACCTAATGGAAACATTGGCTAATGCCGGATACGCATGGAACCGCATGGTTCCGTTGTGAAAGGAGCTCCAAAGCTCCGCTAAGGGATGAGGGTGCGGAACATTAGTTAGTTGGTAGGGTAATRGCTTACCAAGACTATGATGTTTAGCCGGGTCGAGAGACTGAACGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGAGCGAAAGCTTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCACGATGAAGGTCTTCGGATTGTAAAGTGCTGTTATAGGGAAAGAACACCTGGTTGAGGAAATGCTTCCAGGCTGACGGTACCCTGTCAGAAAGCGATGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTCGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTTCGTAGGCTGTTTATTAAGTCTGGAGTCAAATCCCGGGGCTCAACCCCGGCTCGCTTTGGATACTGATAAACTAGAGTTAGATAGAGGTAAGCGGAATTCCATGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAAAGGCGAAGGCAGCTTACTGGGTCTATACTGACGCTGAGGGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCTGTAAACGATGATCATTAGTCGGTGGAGGATTCACTGACGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATGATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACGCGGAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCCTTCGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTGGAGGTTAACGGAGTGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTTGGTCAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATCTTTAGTTACTAACGAGTCAAGTCGAGGACTCTAGAGATACTGCCTGGGTAACTGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAAAGAGAAGCAATATGGCGACATGGAGCAAATCTCAAAAAGCCGATCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAATTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAGCTATGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATACCCAAAGTCGGTTTGCTAACCTCGGAGGCGACCGCCTAAGGTAGGACTGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT

Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma enhydrae 6243-11^T(Accession number: MF351868)

Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma enhydrae 6243-11^T on modified Hayflick’s agar exhibiting fried egg morphology. Note, colour change of solid medium from ochre to reddish based on release of ammonia resulting from hydrolysis of arginine creating an alkaline pH. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)

Species assigned by: Volokhov, D.V., Batac, F., Gao, Y., Miller, M., Chizhikov, V.E. 2019. Mycoplasma enhydrae sp. nov. isolated from southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 69: 363-370.