Mycoplasma cynos
(Rosendal, 1973)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; Gr. n. kuon – a dog, N.L. gen. n. cynos – of a dog
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma cynos (Synoviae cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma canis (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity – 97.64%) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
H 831T (dog, Denmark, ≤1972), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
27 completed (H 831T – Denmark; C142 – UK; 64228, 71053, 6x 98999, 85201, 94662, 80950, 97732, 7x 78726, 5x 305010, nd – all Canada); 4 draft genomes (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
fermentation of glucose; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
domestic dogs
Habitat
respiratory tract, genital tract
Disease(s)
associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) complex
Pathogenicity
factors largely unknown, proposed factors include a hemagglutinin involved in cytadherence, a secreted sialidase with roles in colonization and tissue invasion, and intracellular localization probably contributing to chronicity of infection and perturbation of cell function and integrity
Epidemiology
worldwide occurrence in dogs; transmission by oronasal and orogenital contact, aerosolized respiratory secretions, mating, artificial insemination, and contaminated fomites
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma cynos H 831T within the Synoviae cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae JT was used as out-group (Hyopneumoniae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGGAGTTCTTTTAGGACTTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTACTTAACATGCCTCTTAGATTGGGACAACGATGAGAAATTATCGCTAATACCGGATACTTATATAGTTTGCATAAACTATATATAAAAGGAGCTTTACAGCTTCACTAAGAGATTGGGGTGCGGAACATTAGCTAGTTGGTAGGGTAAAGGCCTACCAAGGCGATGATGTTTAGCGGGGTTGAGAGACTGAACCGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCAGGATGAAGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAACTGCTGTTATAAGGGAAGAAAAAACAATAGAGGAAATGCTATTGTCTTGACGGTACCTTGTCAGAAAGCAACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTTGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTCTGTAGGTTGTATGTTAAGTCTGGCGTGAAAACTTGGGGCTCAACCCCAAATTGCGTTGGATACTGGCATACTAGAATTGTGTAGAGGTTAGCGGAATTCCTAGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATTAGGAAGAACATCAACATGGCGAAGGCAGCTAACTGGGCACATATTGACACTGAGAGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCTGTAAACGATGATGATTAGCTGATAGTAGAACTATCGGCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATCATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGATCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACGCGTAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCTTCTGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTGGAGGCTAACAGAATGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTCCTTAGTTAAATTTTTAAGGAGACTGCCCGAGTAATTGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGACGGTACAAAGAGAAGCAAAATGGTGACATCAAGCAAATCTCAAAAAACCGTTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGTCTGCAACTCGACTACATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGATCAGCTACGCTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATGCCCGAAGTCGGTTTTGTTAACTACGGAGACAACTGCCTAAGGCAGGACCGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma cynos H 831T (Accession number: NR_025181)
Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma cynos strain 2297 (isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a dog) on modified Hayflick’s agar after 5 days of incubation exhibiting fried egg morphology. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)