Mycoplasma putrefaciens
(Tully et al., 1974)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. v. putrefacio – to cause putrefying, L. part. adj. putrefaciens – putrefying (referring to putrid odour of cultures)
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma putrefaciens (Mycoides cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma cottewii and Mycoplasma yeatsii (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities – both 98.97%) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
KS1T (goat, USA, 1955), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
3 completed genomes (2 x KS1T – USA; 9231 – France) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
fermentation of glucose; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
goats
Habitat
udder
Disease(s)
less frequent cause of Contagious Agalactia (CA); mastitis, arthritis, abortion
Pathogenicity
factors of pathogenicity unknown, but may possess factors that have been identified in other members of the Mycoides cluster
Epidemiology
initially isolated in California (USA), reported to occur in France, Spain, and Australia; transmission mainly by milk or via aerosol; introduced into herds by latently infected carrier animals
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma putrefaciens KS1T within the Mycoides cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma synoviae WVU 1853T was used as out-group (Synoviae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
CTGGCGGCATGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGGGGGTGCTTGCACCCCAGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATCTAACCTACCTTATAGCGGGGGATAACTTTTGGAAACGAAAGATAATACCGCATGTGAATCTTATTATCGCATGAGAAAAGATTGAAAGAACCGTTTGGTTCACTATGAGATGGGGATGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTAGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCTAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTTCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGAAGCAATGCCGCGTGAGTGATGACGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAAGCTCTGTTGTAAGGGAAGAAAAAATAAAGTAGGAAATGCCTTTATATTGACGGTACCTTACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTATAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGTTGTGCAAGTTTGAGGTTAAAGTCCGGAGCTCAACTCCGGTTCGCCTTGAAAACTGCATTACTAGAATACAAGAGAGGTAAGCGGAATTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCTGTGGCGAAAGCGGCTTACTGGTTTGTTATTGACGCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAATAGGATTAGATACCCTAGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGAGTACTAGGTGTTGGGTGAACTCAGCGCCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGTACTCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGTGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACACGAAGAACCTTACCAGGGCTTGACATCCAGTGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGTAGAGGTTAACATTGAGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGTTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAACGCAACCCTTGTCGTTAGTTACTAACATTAAGTTGAGGACTCTAACGAGACTGCTAGTGTAAGCTAGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGCTGGTACAAAGAGTCGCAATCTCGCGAGGGGGAGCTAATCTCAAAAAACCAGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGAAGTCTGCAACTCGACTTCATGAAGCCGGAATCACTAGTAATCGCGAATCAGCTATGTCGCGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCACGAGAGTTGGTAATACCAGAAGTGGGTAGCTTAACCGCAAGGAGAGCGCCTCCCAAGGTAGGACTAGCGATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens KS1T (Accession number: NR_025971)
Fig. 3. Mycoplasma putrefaciens KS1T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 4 days of incubation exhibiting large-centred colonies with characteristic fried egg morphology. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)