Mycoplasma bovirhinis
(Leach, 1967)
Etymology
Gr. n. mukes – fungus, Gr. neut. n. plasma – anything formed, N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma – fungus form; L. n. bos – the ox, Gr. n. rhis – nose, N.L. gen. n. bovirhinis – of the nose of an ox
Taxonomy
Mycoplasmatales – Mycoplasmataceae – Mycoplasma – Mycoplasma bovirhinis (Synoviae cluster), closely related to Mycoplasma canis and Mycoplasma cynos (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities – 97.15 and 96.87%, respectively) (Fig. 1)
Type strain
PG43T (cattle, UK, 1967), (Fig. 2, 16S rRNA gene sequence)
Genomes
3 completed (PG43T – UK; GS01 – China; HAZ141_2 – Japan) (NCBI Genome deposit per 11/05/2024)
Cell morphology
spherical – coccoid
Colony morphology
fried egg morphology (Fig. 3)
Metabolism
fermentation of glucose; non-arginine-hydrolyzing, non-urea-hydrolyzing
Host
cattle and other bovines
Habitat
upper respiratory tract
Disease(s)
commensal but may exacerbate existing disease conditions caused by primary pathogens (respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis)
Pathogenicity
factors unknown
Epidemiology
worldwide occurrence; transmission via aerosols
Diagnosis
cultivation and species identification by MALDI-ToF MS, serology or genetically; PCR
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the phylogenetic position of Mycoplasma bovirhinis PG43T within the Synoviae cluster of Mycoplasmataceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae JT was used as out-group (Hyopneumoniae cluster). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap confidence values (1000 replications). Only values > 80% are shown. Bar, number of substitutions per nucleotide position. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)
CTGGCTGTGTGCCTAATACATGCATGTCGAGCGAAGTTCATTAGAACTTAGCGGCGAATGGGTGAGTAACACGTACTTAACATACCTCTTAGATTGGGATAACGGTGAGAAATTATCGCTAATACCGGATACTTATATAAGTCGCATGACTTATATATAAAAGAAGCCTTAAAGCTTCACTAAGAGATTGGGGTGCGGAACATTAGCTAGTTGGTAAGGTAATGGCTTACCAAGGCAATGATGTTTAGCGGGGTTGAGAGACTGATCCGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCGACACAGCGTGCAGGATGACGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAACTGCTGTTATAAGGGAAGAAAAAGCATTAGAGGAAATGCTAGTGCCTTGACGGTACCTTGTCAGAAAGCAACGGCTAACTATGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACATAGGTTGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGTCTGTAGGTTGTATGTTAAGTCTGGCGTGAAAACTTGGGGCTCAACCCCAAATTGCGTTGGATACTGGCATGCTAGAATTGTGTAGAGGTTAGCGGAATTCCTAGTGAAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATTAGGAAGAACACCAATTTGGCGAAGGCAGCTAACTGGGCACATATTGACACTGAGAGACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCTGTAAACGATGATGATTAGCTGATAGAGAGGTCTATCGGCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAATCATCCGCCTGAGTAGTATGCTCGCAAGAGTGAAACTTAAAGGAATTGACGGGGATCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTTGAAGATACGCGTAGAACCTTACCCACTCTTGACATCTTCTGCAAAGCTATAGAGATATAGCAGAGGTTAACAGAATGACAGATGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTCGGTTAAGTCCTGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTCCTTAGTTAATTTTTTAGGGAGACTGCCCGAGTAATTGGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCTCTTACGAGTGGGGCAACACACGTGCTACAATGGATAGTACAAAGAGAAGCAACATGGTGACATCAAGCAAATCTCAAAAAACTATTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGTCTGCAACTCGACTACATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTAGATCAGCTACGCTACGGTGAATACGTTCTCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGCTGGTAATGCCCGAAGTCGGTTTTGTTAACTACGGAGACAACTGCCTAAGGCAGGGCCGGTGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGT
Fig. 2. 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mycoplasma bovirhinis PG43T (Accession number: NR_025986)
Fig. 3. Colonies of Mycoplasma bovirhinis PG43T on modified Hayflick’s agar after 4 days of incubation exhibiting characteristic fried egg morphology and a slightly granular colony surface. Bar, 1 mm. Credits: Joachim Spergser (Vetmeduni Vienna)